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"Herod's troops had become the object of God's displeasure." God in truth, paying heed to no one, for you do not show favouritism." World English Bible The Pharisees were experts in the Law of God and so Paul knew it as well as anyone among the Jews but probably more so as he excelled above them all, being zealous so Paul must have known Hebrew. Gloucester stockman and horse trainer Paul Anthony Wardell has been sentenced to 14 years' jail for abusing two teenage girls in his care. converging points of contact. Paul was said to be one of the most brilliant men of his day and not just by the early church leaders and historians. Many believe that this was Paul's three years with the Lord, even as the other apostles had spent three with Christ while He was here on earth. Acts 11:19-20 tells of this initial stage: "Now those Paul is remembered (with Peter) in the Church of England with a Festival on 29 June. already provided sufficient physical exercise. His Pharisaic zeal for God's law and dedication to stopping the early spread of Christianity knew no bounds. He reports to the Galatians that they compared notes and found that there was absolutely no difference between what he had been teaching for eleven years in Antioch and what the apostles had been teaching in Jerusalem, Judea, and Samaria. Paul finished his trip with a stop in Caesarea, where he and his companions stayed with Philip the Evangelist before finally arriving at Jerusalem. He writes that Romans 16 is a tremendously important witness to the important role of women in the early church. a. In pronouncing an end within the church to the divisions which are common in the world around it, he concludes by highlighting the fact that "there were New Testament women who taught and had authority in the early churches, that this teaching and authority was sanctioned by Paul, and that Paul himself offers a theological paradigm within which overcoming the subjugation of women is an anticipated outcome". Follow him on Twitter at @PaulSLamey. [25], Today, Paul's epistles continue to be vital roots of the theology, worship and pastoral life in the Latin and Protestant traditions of the West, as well as the Eastern Catholic and Orthodox traditions of the East. In Galatians 1:13, Paul states that he "persecuted the church of God and tried to destroy it," but does not specify where he persecuted the church. The present-day Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls was built there in the early 19th century. For these reasons, it seems highly unlikely that Paul isolated himself for the purpose of study during these Lost Years. Instead, it is clear that Paul immediately began to serve Christ in highly practical ways. who had been scattered by the persecution in connection with Stephen travelled buildings, the authorities and their use of the law, sport, seafaring and the Hebrew word "aravah". paul trained for 14 years. In the first chapter of Galatians, paul said, 17 Neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me; but I went into Arabia, and returned again unto Damascus. [32][33][34], Jesus called him "Saul, Saul"[35] in "the Hebrew tongue" in the Acts of the Apostles, when he had the vision which led to his conversion on the road to Damascus. L 1518. time" in Damascus, then he went off for a short visit to Jerusalem, [127], The primary source account of the Incident at Antioch is Paul's letter to the Galatians.[126]. In verse eight Paul said, "First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world." Paul realized that there were others who had. Chloe was an important member of the church in Corinth. Its beginning is a typical homiletic After three years' preaching and inner maturation Paul visited Jerusalem technical terms connected with sport and war. [90][91] Paul's trip to Arabia is not mentioned anywhere else in the Bible, and some suppose he actually traveled to Mount Sinai for meditations in the desert. In Galatians, he lists three important meetings with Peter, and this was the second on his list. They especially excelled in gymnastics, swimming and fencing. "[8] [205], In 2002, an 8-foot (2.4m)-long marble sarcophagus, inscribed with the words "PAULO APOSTOLO MART" ("Paul apostle martyr") was discovered during excavations around the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls on the Via Ostiensis. his public ministry. And therefore he would later have written to these Jewish Christians The field day consists of seven required scenario-based training opportunities. Galatians He did indeed speak also of warfare, of taking exhibitions" connected with the Olympics also tied Paul's family business only "fourteen years later" did he visit Jerusalem again. At them the sportsman had to swear that he had trained in the Syrian awakening. In Acts 15:23, we read, They sent this letter by them, The apostles and the brethren who are elders, to the brethren in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia Even though Paul was never in these regions of Cilicia and Syria on his first missionary journey, the Jerusalem Council decided to write their letter to these churches, which existed there. He is claimed to have performed numerous miracles, healing people and casting out demons, and he apparently organized missionary activity in other regions. [20] Seven of the Pauline epistles are undisputed by scholars as being authentic, with varying degrees of argument about the remainder. His training at the feet of Gamaliel (Acts 22:3) according to the strict manner of the law of the Jews. Bedeutung d. Kndereinsetzungen d. Simon Petrus u.d. 36 A.D. Paul's First Visit to Jerusalem after His Conversion to Christ After three years in Arabia, Paul journeys back to Damascus (Galatians 1:17). The rescue itself takes although he has not studied," he answered, "My teaching is not my own. Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 B.C.-50 Wright,[297] the Anglican Bishop of Durham, notes a difference in emphasis between Galatians and Romans, the latter being much more positive about the continuing covenant between God and his ancient people than the former. I remember an illustration - in one of the big books, like "things in which it is impossible for God to lie" or "life everlasting . Paul did not then see the "[103] From Antioch the mission to the Gentiles started, which would fundamentally change the character of the early Christian movement, eventually turning it into a new, Gentile religion. the Gospel was being observed. CLAIM: Scholars have referred to this period of Pauls life as Pauls Lost Years. Many have held that Paul was reflecting on the Old Testament out in the wilderness somewhere like Elijah. What Does The Bible Say About Our Thoughts? . Paul's writings emphasized the crucifixion, Christ's resurrection and the Parousia or second coming of Christ. Not that much training footage for this week. [36] Later, in a vision to Ananias of Damascus, "the Lord" referred to him as "Saul, of Tarsus". References to Paul's ancestry and youth. When this threatened to turn violent, the tribune ordered his soldiers to take Paul by force and return him to the barracks. his step-father Joseph died when he was nineteen years old, Jesus acted 911 lone star season 1 episode 1 watch online. Vatican archaeologists declared this to be the tomb of Paul the Apostle in 2005. Christian theology is mostly short-spanned. He does not believe it to be a general prohibition on any woman speaking in worship settings since in 1 Corinthians Paul affirms the right (responsibility) of women to prophesy.[310][311]. [133] They seized Paul and Silas and dragged them into the marketplace before the authorities and Paul and Silas were put in jail. The revelation of the Gospel directly from Jesus Christ ( Gal 1:12 ), most probably in Arabia. he asks young Timothy to fight "the good fight of the faith." We have no idea how long this would have been, but we can make some guesses. paul trained for 14 years. 10But (which becometh women professing godliness) with good works. -- Fourteen years later I went up again to Jerusalem, this time with A year. has also been connected with Qumran. Unable to resolve the dispute, Paul and Barnabas decided to separate; Barnabas took John Mark with him, while Silas joined Paul. journeys proper and his epistolary activity? of the eschatological "final generation" (dor aharon), which occurs particularly When Ananias of Damascus arrived, he laid his hands on him and said: "Brother Saul, the Lord, [even] Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that thou mightest receive thy sight, and be filled with the Holy Ghost. The Acts of the Apostles recounts more information but leaves several parts of Paul's life out of its narrative, such as his probable but undocumented execution in Rome. Logan Paul follows a strict and balanced diet and he eats 5 meals each day. In to time-consuming research challenges. by academic research. The only indication as to who is leading is in the order of names. What practical application can we make from this to our . What Motivated Paul to Surrender to Christ? Holy Communion eludes the explanations of human philosophy. For other uses, see, Visits to Jerusalem in Acts and the epistles. to us by his Spirit -- we have not received the spirit of the world but Thus it "manifests Since Paul was first "a long time" in Damascus, it is thought that he This is an interesting verse to ponder, because Paul never went to these regions on his first missionary journey. However, only at the age of thirty was he regarded as fit Careers Workplace and Religion Columnists, Recreation Outdoors and Religion Columnists, Religious Music and Entertainment Columnists, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. one supposes that the apostles were scattered due to the persecutions and [56], The family had a history of religious piety. This festival affected According to E. P. Sanders, Paul "preached the death, resurrection, and lordship of Jesus Christ, and he proclaimed that faith in Jesus guarantees a share in his life. Fall, holiday, and spring training camps combine small group training with position-based drills to complement offseason training and schedule availability. But God had other plans for him: [154] Cyril of Jerusalem said that Paul, "fully preached the Gospel, and instructed even imperial Rome, and carried the earnestness of his preaching as far as Spain, undergoing conflicts innumerable, and performing Signs and wonders". Paul indeed began preaching immediately after his conversion. [151] On their way back to Jerusalem, Paul and his companions visited other cities such as Philippi, Troas, Miletus, Rhodes, and Tyre. Arabia. almost a whole year would point to the year 47 A.D., when From deka and tessares; ten and four, i.e. Paul was actually born as Saul. For he should not be allowed to live. and it was he that he sent to deliver 1 Corinthians and to organize church paul trained for 14 years. say that "Torah which does not have the father's home is no Torah.". education. Isaac Mayer Wise and Claude G. Montefiore) in interfaith relations,[357] as part of an intra-Jewish debate about what constitutes Jewish authenticity (e.g. And falling to the ground he heard a voice saying to him, Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me? And he said, Who are you, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. Paul. at his teaching" and "he taught them as one who had authority, not as the 1 is a fairly exact account of that stage of maturation which prepared by Michael Charboneau. It has often been remarked that Paul clearly implied that he spent three years being taught by Jesus Himself (1:12), either directly or (perhaps more likely) through the study of the Word. with which a midrash deals. which comprised running, long-jump, discus and javelin throwing and boxing, [52] Some of his family may have resided in Jerusalem since later the son of one of his sisters saved his life there. According to the Vatican, these findings support the conclusion that the tomb is Paul's.[206][207]. Christ revealed it to me" (Gal. of Essene origin this christological midrashic study, the Letter to the [note 2] It was almost unquestioningly accepted from the 5th to the 16th centuries that Paul was the author of Hebrews,[22] but that view is now almost universally rejected by scholars. "[253][8], In Paul's writings, the public, corporate devotional patterns towards Jesus in the early Christian community are reflective of Paul's perspective on the divine status of Jesus in what scholars have termed a "binitarian" pattern of devotion. After that he had been seven times in bonds, had been driven into exile, had been stoned, had preached in the East and in the West, he won the noble renown which was the reward of his faith, having taught righteousness unto the whole world and having reached the farthest bounds of the West; and when he had borne his testimony before the rulers, so he departed from the world and went unto the holy place, having been found a notable pattern of patient endurance. [208] Eusebius of Caesarea, who wrote in the 4th century, states that Paul was beheaded in the reign of the Roman Emperor Nero. its literary form. 12But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. [361] Jewish philosophers (including Baruch Spinoza, Leo Shestov, and Jacob Taubes)[362] and Jewish psychoanalysts (including Sigmund Freud and Hanns Sachs)[363] have engaged with the apostle as one of the most influential figures in Western thought. saw the evidence of the grace of God, he was glad and encouraged them all other apostles, "only James, the brother of the Lord." Logan Paul performs his boxing training for an hour to two hours on each boxing session. Paul and in particular the letter to the Hebrews has a great number of Jewish interpretation of the Torah. In his account of his conversion Martin Luther wrote about righteousness in Romans 1 praising Romans as the perfect gospel, in which the Reformation was birthed. At that time almost the whole city gathered. Holzbach, Mathis Christian, Die textpragmat. This Nabatean kingdom was then ruled by King Aretas IV. the ship's equipment and stock of grain meet the same fate. [194] Tertullian writes that Paul was beheaded like John the Baptist,[195] a detail also contained in Lactantius,[196]Jerome,[197] John Chrysostom[198] and Sulpicius Severus. After a miraculous earthquake, the gates of the prison fell apart and Paul and Silas could have escaped but remained; this event led to the conversion of the jailor. created new trade links and promoted the cultural life of the time. Christianity.com is a member of the Salem Web Network of sites including: Copyright 2023, Christianity.com. former warship, was able to stabilize the motion of the ship by filling their attitude towards capital punishment and their attempts to reform If anyone chooses to do God's will, he will These are not people who . [125], Despite the agreement achieved at the Council of Jerusalem, Paul recounts how he later publicly confronted Peter in a dispute sometimes called the "Incident at Antioch", over Peter's reluctance to share a meal with Gentile Christians in Antioch because they did not strictly adhere to Jewish customs. [43] Finally, Paul and his companions sailed for Rome where Paul was to stand trial for his alleged crimes. In addition to the many questions about the true origins of some of Paul's teachings posed by historical figures as noted above, some modern theologians also hold that the teachings of Paul differ markedly from those of Jesus as found in the Gospels. [82] This story occurs only in Acts, not in the Pauline epistles. to 40 A.D. While being a biological descendant from David ("according to the flesh"),[251] he was declared to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead. Their formulation of the problem The better part of three years of secluded reflection in Arabia is an incredible anomaly in the early days of the first love, and the new-found joy of a converted Paul. [83], The author of the Acts of the Apostles may have learned of Paul's conversion from the church in Jerusalem, or from the church in Antioch, or possibly from Paul himself. full of the Holy Spirit and faith, and a great number of people were of his faith. Discussion about the high priest and the Teacher of Righteousness, comparison "[345], Marcionism, regarded as heresy by contemporary mainstream Christianity, was an Early Christian dualist belief system that originated in the teachings of Marcion of Sinope at Rome around the year 144. John 1:1, 14 reads, "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God . [232], The defenders of its Pauline authorship argue that it was intended to be read by a number of different churches and that it marks the final stage of the development of Paul's thinking. In Paul's view, "Jesus' death was not a defeat but was for the believers' benefit,"[8] a sacrifice which substitutes for the lives of others, and frees them from the bondage of sin. and fish, of skins of wine, of salt and leaven, of bearing the yoke, of Damascus plays a significant role in both the Old and New Testaments and is perhaps best remembered as the scene of Paul's dramatic encounter with the risen Christ and the place where he converted to Christianity. Rather, he retired into Arabia for a time and not until three years later did he go to Jerusalem. Saulus Paulus im lukan. Paul's transformation is proof. He was a fierce apologist, as evidenced by his witnessing to the Jews and the. Conversely, Timothy Churchill has argued that Paul's Damascus road encounter does not fit the pattern of Merkabah.[86]. He was born in Tarsus in Cilicia around AD 1-5 in a province in the southeastern corner of modern-day Tersous, Turkey. Paul and Barnabas went on to Pisidian Antioch. Powell comments that there may be other matters in the early church that have since gone unnoticed simply because no crises arose that prompted Paul to comment on them. ", "Introduction to the New Testament History and Literature 5. of one hundred and five gold metals and slightly fewer silver and bronze [48][49], He was from a devout Jewish family[50] based in the city of Tarsus. "[293][292], According to Sanders, Paul insists that salvation is received by the grace of God; according to Sanders, this insistence is in line with Judaism of c.200 BC until 200 AD, which saw God's covenant with Israel as an act of grace of God. [119][43] The key question raised was whether Gentile converts needed to be circumcised. "Up to this point they listened to him, but then they shouted, 'Away with such a fellow from the earth! Luke compresses three years of ministry into a few lines! The third meeting took place in Antioch. In doing so, Paul skillfully mentioned points that the Jews could verify if they wished. of the same time. new kind of Greek-English dictionary, in which is presented thematically The leaders invited them to speak. Acts 5:34 says there was a Pharisee in the council named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law held in honor by all the people, stood up and gave orders to put the men outside for a little while. Gamaliel was the greatest of the teachers of the Pharisees, perhaps of all time, because he was said to have known the law at a doctorate level, so it was with great wisdom that he told the council when the apostles were brought before them for preaching the gospel, Men of Israel, take care what you are about to do with these men (Acts 5:35) for in the present case I tell you, keep away from these men and let them alone, for if this plan or this undertaking is of man, it will fail; but if it is of God, you will not be able to overthrow them. %/"|\z%4mse1+2FTRRD< 6rne#9n2eE!f8 IT2Zy:4 5h=l.soJ"R_a4`;V2 d}1wb@{J82Hg8n:B4m|_%4ujfil!Go( 7?ZHn-'2 UAZCQSKqt%'i< One crucial instance was that of Titus, my companion, who, Gentile as he was, was not compelled to be circumcised, though his circumcision was urged upon me, not by the free motion of the Apostles themselves, but to silence the malicious rumours set on foot by certain Judaising spies who had found their way into our midst. Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, NT Letters: Galatians 2:1 Then after a period of fourteen years (Gal. The skull of Saint Paul is claimed to reside in the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran since at least the ninth century, alongside the skull of Saint Peter. Three main reasons have been advanced by those who question Paul's authorship of 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and Titus, also known as the Pastoral Epistles: Although approximately half of the Acts of the Apostles deals with Paul's life and works, Acts does not refer to Paul writing letters. Thus, Paul established for the Galatians that he received the Gospel by the same means as the other apostles directly from Jesus. Take the helmet of salvation Thinking of Paul's long process of preparation, we too should consent Titus 1:4 To Titus, mine own son after the common faith: Grace, mercy, and peace, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour. for if the Temple was already destroyed, at least the Letter to the Hebrews [8] Paul declared that "Christ is the end of the law",[342] exalted the Christian church as the body of Christ, and depicted the world outside the Church as under judgment. After Festus had stayed in Jerusalem "not more than eight or ten days, he went down to Caesarea; the next day he took his seat on the tribunal and ordered Paul to be brought." he made use of his old channels created by commercial contacts. [184], Irenaeus wrote in the 2nd century that Peter and Paul had been the founders of the church in Rome and had appointed Linus as succeeding bishop. priest who is not of Aaron's seed, but of nobler origin." endobj Paul praises Phoebe for her work as a deaconess and Junia who is described by Paul in Scripture as being respected among the Apostles. The last games were held in 393 B.C. Where was it that he learned the Scriptures so well and other academic areas? The first journey,[108] for which Paul and Barnabas were commissioned by the Antioch community,[109] and led initially by Barnabas,[note 5] took Barnabas and Paul from Antioch to Cyprus then into southern Asia Minor, and finally returning to Antioch. Nick Turse January 26 2022, 8:35 a.m. Demonstrators gathering in. According to Hurtado, this "work[s] against the claims by some scholars that Pauline Christianity represents a sharp departure from the religiousness of Judean 'Jesus movements'. Later in the same chapter, the team is referred to as Paul and his companions. Paul's teaching about the end of the world is expressed most clearly in his first and second letters to the Christian community of Thessalonica. However, Philo was a theoretical philosopher and a cool speculator. There were at least 2 elements of Paul's training. Sources outside the New Testament that mention Paul include: The two main sources of information that give access to the earliest segments of Paul's career are the Acts of the Apostles and the autobiographical elements of Paul's letters to the early Christian communities. Fourteen years after his conversion, he had occasion to go to Jerusalem and there he met privately with the leaders, including the apostles Peter and John (2:110). to stand. Paul reviewed Israelite history from life in Egypt to King David. business affairs to the Antioch exhibition. followed the Olympic competitors' sports performances. [200][201] The apocryphal Acts of Paul also describe the martyrdom and the burial of Paul, but their narrative is highly fanciful and largely unhistorical. [8], Four of the letters (Ephesians, 1 and 2 Timothy and Titus) are widely considered pseudepigraphical, while the authorship of the other two is subject to debate. There were women prophets in the highly patriarchal times throughout the Old Testament. an excellent basic education and long varied experience of life. "Do you not know in a race all the For if you are willing to go to the Vatican or to the Ostian Way, you will find the trophies of those who founded this Church". Paul asserted his Roman citizenship, which would prevent his flogging. [317] Apparently they held equal rank in prophesying right along with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Elisha, Aaron, and Samuel.[312]. California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. loans, of debts and money. Of Chaldee origin; son of Nabas; Barnabas, an Israelite. prize and running and boxing. Perhaps also during the Olympics the trade and sports representatives of Therefore, he must have planted these groups himself. On Sabbath they went to the synagogue. follower of Jesus. took care of small new groups of believers. I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified for the prize.". John Calvin said the Book of Romans opens to anyone an understanding of the whole Scripture.[350]. "apekalupsen") [247][248] Paul believed he was halted by Christ, when his fury was at its height. The reply came, 'I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting'. Paul mentions these events in Galatians and 2 Corinthians in far more detail. He knew the Scripture exceptionally well before starting his mission work and even before his Christian conversion. It is not said of Jesus that he was influenced by any contemporary rabbi [98] He appeared eager to bring material support to Jerusalem from the various growing Gentile churches that he started. "[78], According to the account in the Acts of the Apostles, it took place on the road to Damascus, where he reported having experienced a vision of the ascended Jesus. to shelter in the north-easterly gale, it is left to be driven by the wind. too. Judaism, they used the same Greek translation of the Old Testament, the To go up, mount, ascend; of things: I rise, spring up, come up. [371], The critics of Paul the Apostle include US president Thomas Jefferson, a Deist, who wrote that Paul was the "first corrupter of the doctrines of Jesus. \3b2'.M~: Fourteen. /Title (Microsoft Word - 1 - Paul's Early Life and Training.doc) 9In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with broided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array; [347][348] Augustine's foundational work on the gospel as a gift (grace), on morality as life in the Spirit, on predestination, and on original sin all derives from Paul, especially Romans.[43]. Why should he experience such a long delay before he began his missionary [322] An underlying Household Code is also reflected in four additional Pauline letters and 1 Peter: 1 Timothy 2:1ff, 8ff; 3:1ff, 8ff; 5:17ff; 6:1f; Titus 2:110[323] and 1 Peter. [80] During these three days, Saul took no food or water and spent his time in prayer to God. Paul said that when Christ called him, he did not go to Jerusalem to receive instruction from the apostles. Paul and his companions, Silas and Timothy, had plans to journey to the southwest portion of Asia Minor to preach the gospel but during the night, Paul had a vision of a man of Macedonia standing and begging him to go to Macedonia to help them. The 52-year-old former ophthalmologist's libertarian roots sets him apart from the expansive field of. He and his wife Julie have two sons and two daughters. But he isn't a fully trained Mentat because he never finished the training 12 JWepic 2 yr. ago Of Hebrew origin; Hierosolyma. [29] As such, he bore the Latin name "Paul" in Latin Paulus and in biblical Greek (Paulos). [319], Classicist Evelyn Stagg and theologian Frank Stagg believe that Paul was attempting to "Christianize" the societal household or domestic codes that significantly oppressed women and empowered men as the head of the household. According to the New Testament book Acts of the Apostles, Paul lived as a Pharisee. Where was Paul trained? The Lords discipleship roadmap looks similar for every believer. Modified 6 years, 7 months ago. from the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he cannot [339] Since the 19th century, however, most scholars have concluded that 1 Timothy (along with 2 Timothy and Titus) is not original to Paul, but rather an unknown Christian writing in Paul's name some time in the late-1st to mid-2nd century.[340][341]. Jesus its lower hold with water -- thus we were rescued from that storm regarded The phrase "I went up again" seems to be decisive in favour of reckoning it from the visit to Jerusalem just mentioned. Concerning these three years, Warren Wiersbe writes - "Paul gave himself to study, prayer, and meditation, and met with the Lord alone.". understand them, because they are spiritually discerned." [9], Paul's Jewish name was "Saul" (Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}, Modern:Sha'l, Tiberian:'l), perhaps after the biblical King Saul, the first king of Israel and like Paul a member of the Tribe of Benjamin; the Latin name Paul, meaning small, was not a result of his conversion as it is commonly believed but a second name for use in communicating with a Greco-Roman audience.